HONEY PLANTS
PLANTS FOR BEES
Por Geusa Simone de Freitas & And ademilson Espencer. Soares
When we talk about bees, almost automatically think of flowers and plants. Speaking of bees reminds us of flowers, joy, gardens, colors and smells. Starting with the smell of bees, because each species has a smell own, addition of honey which they produce different aromas which also has, according to the species of bee and the plants from which they collected nectar. This association, which naturally we do, It goes beyond poetry, It is a vital interaction, once the bees depend on plants for food and find, often, places to build their nests. On the other hand, plants benefit from the visit of bees, during the search for food resources, transporting pollen grains and ending by performing fertilization of flowers, ensuring the reproduction of plant species. This process helps to increase the genetic variability of plants. Besides, several species of bees can make seed dispersal, helping the plants to originate new offspring in the environment where they occur.
In the search for plant resources, bees visiting a number of species of flowers, which are different for each species and for each region Bee, since the different biomes have their own floral compositions.
The knowledge of the plants by bees is essential to the maintenance of colonies, because it is from there that bees find food for their survival, enabling meliponicultor the bee pasture formation in degraded areas, or the enrichment of local vegetation species with honey. Remembering that, addition nectar, bees collect pollen, oils and resins.
In Brazil, we have six biomes: Amazon, Swamp, Closed, Caatinga, Atlantic Forest and Pampa. Inside them, place different vegetation types, with its own floral compositions for each region, evidenciando how important it is to know the regional flora.
Plants visited by meliponíneos: To assist beekeepers in this beautiful endeavor to grow flowers for the bees, is a list of species used for the supply of food resources. Of course, because of the size of Brazil and its floristic complexity we do not intend to cover all species, given that there are gaps to be filled on the flora of various regions. The list below shows the names of species visited by bees, which will be expanded as new information arise. After, the plants are separated into groups, in which photos are species with, which will be progressively included.
Legend of Bees Species
- Ccc – Cephalotrigona happened happened – Mombucão
- Fs – Friesen schrottkyi - Mirim laziness
- Fv – Frieseomelitta Everything Else - Marmalade, white girl
- Fd – Frieseomelitta doederleini - White Girl
- Lm – Leurotrigona muelleri - Lambe eyes
- Nt – Nannotrigona testaceicornis – Go there
- Pc – Partamona Cupira – Cupira
- Pd – The common people droryana – Mirim
- Per – The common people Emerina - Emer, mirim emerin
- Ple – The common people spp – Mirim
- Pr – The common people are removed - Mirim guaçu
- Pl – Paratrigona lineata - Earth Mirim
- Ps – Paratrigona subnuda - Earth Jataí
- PSQ – The common people saiqui - Mirim saiqui
- Sb – Scaptotrigona bipunctata – Body
- Sd – Scaptotrigona shaved – Straw
- Of – Tetragonisca angustula – Jataí
- Tc – Tetragona clavipes – Borá
- Thy – Trigona hyalinata – Guaxupé
- Ts – Trigona spinipes – Arapuni
Compilation of plant species visited by bees to collect nectar and / or pollen.
NATIVE PLANTS
Are the species that occur naturally in Brazilian environments, which are indigenous. This group, They are included native species that do not fit in the other categories.
Aloysia virgata
Ruellia
Cosmos sulphureus (Cosmos)
Montano bipinnatifida (Margaridão May)
Tithonia diversifolia (margaridão or Mexican sunflower)
Wedelia asteraceae
Banisteriopsis
Cochlospermum
Pyrostegia lovely (Vine-from St. John, vine-red)
Mimosa scabrella (Bracatinga)
Exotic plants
They are those that have been introduced in Brazilian territory at any time, including those ambientaram well and already grow naturally in natural environments. However, Exotic within days, We ornamental species, fruit, forest, Medicinal, ultimately, of all kinds. So, by a didactic issue, ornamental exotic species will be placed in ornamental group, which are also native ornamental. Exotic fruit will also be placed in the group of fruit, along with native fruit and, like this, with all types. So that the group will be in exotic forest species and others that do not fit in the other categories.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Eucalyptus)
Holmskioldia sanguined (hat-Chinese)
Dombeya wallichii (Astrapéia rosa)
Balloonvine
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Eucalyptus)
Trapoeraba
Wild
Solanum Mauritianum (Smoke Bravo)
Solanum paniculatum (Jurubeba, Jupeba)
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
This whole and compost for plants, native and exotic, that are used for ornamental gardens, streets and squares.
Rhipsalidopsis rosy (flower October)
Schlumbergera truncata (May Flower)
Rosa
Commelina sp (Erecta)
Bulbine frutescens (Garden chives)
Rhipsalis
Camellia
Our Horas
Orchids
Cambara
Margarida
Aromatic Plants, MEDICAL AND "VEGETABLES"
They include plants used in the production of essential oils, teas, infusions, phytotherapy, salads, spices, dyes and other.
Geranium
Bixa orellana (Annatto)
Lavender
Dandelion
FRUIT PLANTS
Are species that produce edible fruits and fruit.
Citrus aurantifolia (lima)
Citrus limon (lemon-galician)
Citrus limonia (Rangpur lime)
Eugenia brasiliensis (grumixama)
Eugenia pyriformis (uvaia, uvalha)
Eugenia involucrata (bush cherry)
Colombia (guava)
Persea americana (avocado)
No sessilis (ingá)
None cf marginata (ingá)
Syzygium jambos (matter, rosa matter)
Syzygium malaccense (jambo red)
Bibliography
Ramalho M et al., 1985; Imperatriz-Fonseca et al., 1989, 1994; Iwama & Melhem , 1979; Knoll et al., 1994; Ramalho M, 1990; Pedro & Camargo, 1991; Cortopassi-Laurin & Ramalho, 1988; Oak, 1990; Souza et al., 1991; Camargo, 1972.
Camargo, JMF. 1972. Manual de Apicultura. Agronomic Ceres.
Carvalho AMC. 1990. Study of the interactions between the bee species assembly and bee flora in cerrado vegetation – Reserva Ecológica do Panga – Uberlandia – MG. Dissertation, Faculty of Philosophy, Ribeirão Preto of Science and Letters, University of Sao Paulo. Ribeirao Preto, SP.
Cortopassi-M Laurin & Ramalho M. 1988. Pollen harvest by africanized Apis mellifera and Trigona spinipes in São Paulo Botanical and ecological views. Apidologie, 19(1): 1-24.
Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Kleinert-Giovannini A & Ramalho M. 1989. Pollen harvest by eusocial bees in a non-natural community in Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 5:239-242.
Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Ramalho M, Kleinert-Giovannini A. 1994. Social bees and flowers, pollen analysis as a method of study. IN: Pirani JR & Cortopassi-M Laurin. 1994. Flowers and bees in São Paulo. Edusp and FAPESP.
Knoll FRN, Bego LR, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL. 1994. Bees in urban areas; a study on the campus of the University of São Paulo. IN: Pirani JR & Cortopassi-M Laurin. 1994. Flowers and bees in São Paulo. Edusp and FAPESP.
Iwama S. & Melhem TS. 1979. The pollen spectrum of the honey of Tetragonisca angustula angustula latreille (Apidae, Meliponinae). Apidologie, 10(3):275-295.
Pedro SRM, Camargo, JMF. 1991. Interactions on floral resources between the africanized honey bee Apis mellifera L and the native bee community (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in a natural “closed” ecosystem in southeast Brazil. Apidologie, 22: 397-415.
Ramalho M. 1990. Foraging by stingless bees of the genus, Scaptotrigona (Apidae, Meliponinae). Journal of Apicultural Research, 29 (2): 61-67.
Ramalho M, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Kleinert-Giovannini A & Cortopassi-M Laurin 1985; Exploitation of floral resources by Plebeia remota Holmberg (Apidae, Meliponinae). Apidologie, 16(3):307-330.